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This is page to define a strategy for the use of mobile technologies in openIMIS. It’s foundations lie in a report on the potential of mobile technologies in openIMIS openIMIS by Nils Kaiser but is intended to be a collaborative process among the openIMIS community. This strategy should serve as guidance for some of the software development efforts within openIMIS.

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  1. Beneficiary Management

    1. Enrolment

    2. Renewals

    3. Update

  2. Claims Management

    1. Claims Entry

    2. Claims review (question)

  3. Data Analytics (question)

  4. System Administration (question)

  5. Insure portal (question)

...

Overview technologies

  1. Android

  2. Java/Kotlin (question)

  3. PWA (question)

  4. SMS / USSD …

low

Technology

Requirement

Supported interaction

Applicable?

Status
colourGreen
titleyes
Status
colourYellow
titlemaybe
Status
colourRed
titleno

Use case

User groups

Existing?

Prerequisite?

Priority

Status
colourGreen
titleHigh
Status
colourYellow
titlemedium
Status
colourRed
title

Notes

SMS

  • Basic phone, 2G,

Literacy
  • literacy.'

  • Shortcode to ensure free SMS

Basic interactions, Notifications. No limit on number of steps for dialogue, but gets cumbersome above 5-10 steps.

Status
colourGreen
titleYes

  • Enrollment information

  • Renewal reminders

    Health officer

    • Enrolment

    • Claims valuation

    Public

    • Renewal reminders

    SMS costs are quite high. Implementers/Users need to be aware

    IVR

    • Basic phone, 2G,

    • Phone familiarity.

    • Shortcode to ensure free calls.

    Very basic interaction but doesn’t require literacy (except “Press 5”). Can record messages and allows transfer to a real agent in urgent cases or as fallback.

    Status
    colourYellow
    titlemaybe

    Information dissemination (question)

    Health officer

    • Enrolment

    • Claims valuation

    • Information about services (not related to openIMIS)

    Public

    • Inquiry

    • Claims inquiry

    • Renewal reminders

    Call costs can be quite high (especially for outgoing costs). Implementers/Users need to be aware

    USSD

    • Basic phone, 2G

    • Literacy. Aggregator.

    Basic interactions. Can support longer interactions Potential timeouts (USSD is like a call).

    yes

    Public

    • Inquiry

    • Claims inquiry

    • Payment

    Mobile Web

    • Smartphone, 3G/4G,

    • Smartphone familiarity.

    • Web server/ domain required

    Complex interactions. Limited offline capabilities are available. Progressive web apps can be installed on a home screen and receive notifications, thus mirroring a lot of native functionality. 

    However, progressive maybe

    Progressive web apps have longer initial load times - though much faster in subsequent loads - and require the development of an app according to specific technologies

    Mobile App

    • Smartphone, 2G or 3G/4G,

    • Smartphone familiarity

    • Web server  / domain required.

    Complex interactions. Offline-mode is available with syncing data upon the availability of network connection. Can either be native Android / IOS (probably not that relevant unless for client app) or hybrid.

    yes

    ...

    Questions

    Priorities for new development

    ...

    • Develop openIMIS specific apps? One app for everyone? OR template app for every implementation to customize?

    • Build ‘modules’ in existing global goods - eg. ODK?

    • Integrate other global goods with similar functionality? (eg. Meso-health - now open source at: github.com/meso-health )?

    The strategy around mobile money

    ...

    Non-functional requirements

    • offline capable

    • themeable

    Requirements Solutions

    table should include

    • Solution title “USSD-based inquiry” or “mobile app for insurees”

    • Target users

    • Usecases / Covered business processes

    • Prerequisites

    Decision criteria

    • Requested by implementers

    • complexity

      maintenance

    • development

      • does it allow to reuse existing Infrastructure, API, Mobile code…

      • New development language yes / no

      • Access with back-end

        • Robustness of the connection

        • Robustness (deal with complex data)

        • Synchronization

    • implementation / deployment

      • training & version management

    • Running costs

    • Strategy

      • Use of standards

      • Supported by or other eHealth solutions

    Roadmap

    Immediate action (within the scope of the current contracts)

    ...

    • Design of the mobile applications UX/UI

    Combination of the functionalities in only one app: modular mobile application

    ...

    Option

    Advantage

    Disadvantage

    Preference / Vote (leave username)

    One openimis app

    • one codebase is easier to maintain

    • can make “variant“ to simulate multiple apps

    • easier for users to find

    • mirror UX from web application (

    ...

    • similar menu, logical separation of lists)

    • detailed customisation possible for the implementers

    • reuse of common functionalities (e.g. enquiring, barcode reader, offline sync)

    • modular architecture: might allow additional implementation features

    • Show/display menu based on roles (possible issue if there is multiple user using on app)

    ...

    • could bring higher download size

    Multiple task-oriented apps

    • versioning easier to read, a lesser impact for the update because the user-based of each app will be smaller

    • on app per role

    • “ready to use“

    • specialized apps => know its purpose, easier marketing/visibility

    • fit to segmented usage (claim and enrolment)

    ...

    Native/Web/hybrid solution: Android vs PWA (progressive web application) vs Ionic/Xamarin/ReactNative

    ...

    • how to manage complex processes

    Which type of mobile app?

    Option

    Advantages

    Disadvantages

    Preference / Vote (leave username)

    • Android
      (like DHIS2, SORMAS)

    • not dependent on version of browser

    • Code already exists (but needs improvements)

    ...

    • PWA (progressive web application)
      (Bahmni)

    • “one” codebase for web and mobile front end even if mobile optimization is required

    • the ReactJS Frontend(used in modular) can integrate PWA capability => code can be reused

    • Regular web app gains offline functionality

    • can migrate one module at the time (no big bang required)

    • access to browser capabilities (e.g. GPS, camera)

    Disadvantage PWA

    • Design to be reviewed => responsive design

    • Show only required fields => don’t pollute the view

    • Offline DB / Synchronization logic can be complex (service worker / Cache management)

    • Need SSL signed by a trusted body (let’s encrypt, GlobalSign ….) which complexify the testing by preventing usage local servers (current modular has the same limitation)

    • Don’t have access to full device hardware - limited to browser permissions/access.

    • dependent of the version of the browser / webview

    ...

    • Ionic/Xamarin/ReactNative

    • code more likely to be independent of the phone vendor libraries

    • access to native platform capabilities (through Cordova)

    Drawback for Hybrid

    • New language to be used

    • Possible license fees (tbc per solution)

    • Redevelopment required

    ...

    Client mobile app (insuree app)

    Next step:

    Nils: clean up formatting → Table

    ...

    Scenarios

    Scenario

    Description

    Target users

    Preference / Vote

    Polish existing Android apps

    Address gaps documented in inquiry and claims apps

    insurance officers, health practitioners

    Offline-capable PWA layer for modular openIMIS

    Add a progressive webapp layer on top of modular openIMIS, which includes an offline-capable sync model.

    all openIMIS users

    Redesigned offline-capable mobile app (android or hybrid)

    Mobile app which mirrors functionality of the web app, albeit optimized for mobile and offline-capable.

    all openIMIS users

    Mobile app for insurees*

    A mobile app with dedicated features for insurees

    Insurees, Public

    *not really in competition with other choices

    Decision criteria

    • Requested by implementers

    • complexity

      • maintenance

      • development

        • does it allow to reuse existing Infrastructure, API, Mobile code…

        • New development language yes / no

        • Access with back-end

          • Robustness of the connection

          • Robustness (deal with complex data)

          • Synchronization

      • implementation / deployment

        • training & version management

    • Running costs

    • Strategy

      • Use of standards

      • Supported by or other eHealth solutions